Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India
Assam
Declared as a World Heritage Site in 1974, Kaziranga’s intense conservation program ensured an ever-growing population of the One Horned Rhino, making it a humble abode for two-third of their population. Today, 2400 Rhinos call this park their home. Kaziranga National Park is the only park outside Africa that has a breeding population of many species of cats, like, Tigers, Leopards, Leopard Cat, Jungle Cat, and Fishing Cat. A healthy population of Asian Elephants, Water Buffaloes, Eastern Swamp Deers also reside here. Nine of the 14 primate species are found in Kaziranga, including the rare Golden Langur, and the only Ape in India – the Hoolock Gibbon.
Kaziranga National Park is the only National Park in the State situated in central Assam with an area of 430sq. km. It is the home of the great Indian one-horned Rhinoceros (Unicornis). The landscape of Kaziranga is of sheer forest, tall elephant grass, rugged reeds, mellow marshes, and shallow pools.
Best Time to Go
November – April
Flights
Guwahati (GAU)
Avg. Climate
30°C
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About Kaziranga national Park
Kaziranga National park has a history of its own. Lady Curzon first heard about the Rhinos of Kaziranga from her British tea planter friends and came to Assam in 1904-05. Although she could not see the animal, she spotted hoof prints with three toes and believed that such an animal did exist. On her return, she persuaded Lord Curzon to do something to save this animal from total annihilation. Lord Curzon set the wheels of the British bureaucracy rolling, and on June 1, 1905, a preliminary notification announcing the intention of the Government to declare 57,273.60 acres of Kaziranga as a reserved forest was issued.
Geographical Details
Altitude: 40m – 80m above mean sea level
Vegetation: Tall elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests
Water Resources: Brahmaputra and Mora Diphlu
Core Area: 482 sq. km
Buffer Area: 548 sq. km
Coordinates: 26.5775° N to 93.1711° E
Rainfall: 2220 mm
Temperature: 30 degrees Celsius
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Finally, Kaziranga National park was declared as the reserved forest on January 3, 1908, and was officially closed for shooting. On January 28, 1913, the area of reserved forest was expanded with the inclusion of another 13,506 acres. Kaziranga was declared a Game Sanctuary on November 10, 1916. In 1938, the then-conservator of the forest, A.J.W. Milroy stopped all poaching and opened Kaziranga to visitors. Because the word ‘game’ connotated animals for hunting, in 1950, the then senior conservator of forest Mr. P D Stracey, changed the term to ‘wildlife sanctuary’.
Gradually the sanctuary, begun as a nucleus encompassing a small area, expanded to its present size. Finally, on February 11, 1974, the name was changed to Kaziranga National Park. The one-horned Rhinoceros, Elephant, Indian bison, Swamp Deer, Samber, Hog Deer, Sloth Bear, Tiger, Leopard cat, Jungle cat, Hog badger, Capped langur, Hollock Gibbon, Jackal, Goose, Hornbills, Ibis, Cormorants, Egret, Heron fishing eagle, etc. all form a part of the very complex ecological balance of the park. During Winter a large number of migratory birds are also seen here.
Popular Fauna at Kaziranga National Park
The greater one-horned rhinoceros, also known as the Indian rhinoceros, is a grey giant, second only to an elephant in size. They inhabit the alluvial flood-plain vegetation of sub-tropical climates where water and green grass is available all year.
It is the largest land mammal on the Asian continent. They inhabit dry to wet forest and grassland habitats in 13 range countries spanning Southeast Asia. Asian elephants have adapted to surviving on resources that vary based on the area.
The water buffalo, or Asian buffalo, as it is often called, is the largest member of the Bovini tribe. Standing 5 to 6.2 feet tall at the shoulder, wild water buffalo are formidable mammals with sparse gray-black coats.
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